Monetary base of the U.S. 2002-2023
The monetary base of the United States amounted to roughly 5.8 trillion U.S. dollars as of December 31, 2023, which was a slight increase compared to the previous year. The monetary base includes all physical paper and coin currency in circulation, plus bank reserves held by the central bank. In 2023, around 60 percent (3.5 trillion U.S. dollars) of the monetary base derived from reserve balances, and 40 percent (2.3 trillion U.S. dollars) from the currency in circulation.