Federal Reserve System - statistics & facts

The Federal Reserve System, often referred to as the Fed, is the central banking system of the United States, consisting of 12 regional banks strategically located across the United States. The Fed serves several primary functions, including overseeing the nation's monetary policy, regulating banks, and maintaining financial stability through its asset holdings, control of the money supply, and implementation of open market operations. When comparing the banks in terms of assets, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York stands out as the largest, with assets exceeding 4.4 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022, owing to its central location and role in financial markets. The same hierarchy can be seen when comparing the value of U.S. Treasury securities held by each bank, which is by far the largest asset group on the balance sheet of the Fed.

Main activities of the Fed

The Fed carries out a range of critical functions, including open market operations, which involve buying and selling government securities to influence interest rates and the money supply. Additionally, the Fed manages the money supply by adjusting the monetary base and the value of currency in circulation. A good example for this was the quantitative easing employed in 2020 as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, involving the purchase of government bonds and mortgage-backed securities, leading to a sharp increase in the M1 money stock. These actions were crucial in supporting financial markets, stimulating lending, and facilitating economic recovery during a challenging period. In 2022, as inflation began to rise, the Fed responded by gradually increasing interest rates to mitigate the potential risks to the economy. However, this move led to a drastic surge in interest expenses, reflecting the complex nature of balancing economic stability and controlling inflationary pressures.

Financial overview of the Fed

Over the years, the Fed has experienced significant changes in its asset growth, with notable spikes occurring in 2008 and 2020. These sharp increases can be attributed to the adoption of expansionary monetary policies aimed at stimulating economic growth during challenging times. Alongside these fluctuations in asset growth, the net income of the Federal Reserve has also experienced variability. Notably, net income reached its peak in 2021 but saw a drastic decline in 2022, primarily due to the sharp spike in interest expenses, reflecting the dynamic nature of economic conditions and the impact of policy decisions on the Federal Reserve's financial performance.

This text provides general information. Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date data than referenced in the text.

Total assets of the Fed: 7.6tn USD

Largest asset group on the Fed's balance sheet: Treasury securities

Value of currency in circulation in the U.S.: 2.26tn USD

Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Federal funds rate level in the United States from 1990 to 2023

Financial supervision

Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2023

Value of M1 money stock in the United States from 2000 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Currencies

Value of M1 money supply in the U.S. 2000-2023

Banks

Leading U.S. banks 2023, by market cap

Recommended statistics

Overview

Premium Statistic Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2024
Size of Federal Reserve's balance sheet 2007-2024
Value of assets on the balance sheet of the Federal Reserve from August 2007 to February 2024 (in trillion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S. 2018-2023
Monthly inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate in the U.S. 2018-2023
Inflation rate and Federal Reserve interest rate monthly in the United States from January 2018 to September 2023
Premium Statistic Net income of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Net income of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Net income of the Federal Reserve from 2013 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Interest income of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Interest income of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations of the Federal Reserve from 2013 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Interest expense of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Interest expense of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Total interest expense of the Federal Reserve from 2013 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Operating expenses of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Operating expenses of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Total operating expenses of the Federal Reserve from 2013 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Federal Reserve's earnings remittances to the Treasury 2013-2022
Federal Reserve's earnings remittances to the Treasury 2013-2022
Federal Reserve's earnings remittances to the United States Department of the Treasury from 2013 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Asset holding

Premium Statistic Federal Reserve balance sheet breakdown 2022
Federal Reserve balance sheet breakdown 2022
Breakdown of the Federal Reserve's balance sheet in 2022, by type of asset (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Securities held outright by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2007-2023
Securities held outright by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2007-2023
Weekly average value of securities held by Federal Reserve Banks in the United States from 2007 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic U.S. Treasury securities held by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2007-2023
U.S. Treasury securities held by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2007-2023
Weekly average value of U.S. Treasury securities held by Federal Reserve Banks in the United States from 2007 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Mortgage-backed securities held by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2009-2023
Mortgage-backed securities held by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2009-2023
Weekly average value of mortgage-backed securities held by Federal Reserve Banks in the United States from 2009 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Liquidity facilities of the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2007-2023
Liquidity facilities of the Federal Reserve in the U.S. 2007-2023
Weekly value of liquidity facilities of Federal Reserve Banks in the United States from 2007 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Open market operations

Premium Statistic Key policy rates in the U.S. 2022
Key policy rates in the U.S. 2022
Key policy rates effective in the United States in 2022
Basic Statistic Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2023
Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2023
Federal funds rate level in the United States from 1990 to 2023
Premium Statistic Annual prime loan rate of banks in the U.S. 1990-2023
Annual prime loan rate of banks in the U.S. 1990-2023
Prime rate charged by banks in the United States from 1990 to 2023
Premium Statistic Inflation-indexed 10-year treasury yield in the U.S. 2016-2022
Inflation-indexed 10-year treasury yield in the U.S. 2016-2022
Inflation-indexed 10-year treasury yield in the United States from 1st quarter 2016 to 2nd quarter 2022
Premium Statistic Inflation-indexed 10-year treasury yield in the U.S. 2003-2022
Inflation-indexed 10-year treasury yield in the U.S. 2003-2022
Inflation-indexed 10-year treasury yield in the United States from 2003 to 2022

Money supply

Premium Statistic Monetary base of the U.S. 2002-2023
Monetary base of the U.S. 2002-2023
Monetary base of the United States from 2002 to 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Monthly value of M1 money supply in the U.S. 2002-2023
Monthly value of M1 money supply in the U.S. 2002-2023
Monthly value of M1 money stock in the United States from January 2002 to September 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Mothly value of M2 money supply in the U.S. 2002-2023
Mothly value of M2 money supply in the U.S. 2002-2023
Monthly value of M2 money stock in the United States from January 2002 to June 2023 (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Value of U.S. currency in circulation 1995-2022
Value of U.S. currency in circulation 1995-2022
Value of currency in circulation in the United States from 1995 to 2022 (in trillion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Volume of U.S. dollar banknotes in circulation 2002-2022
Volume of U.S. dollar banknotes in circulation 2002-2022
Volume of currency in circulation in the United States from 2002 to 2022 (in billions)
Premium Statistic Value of U.S. dollar banknotes in circulation 2000-2022, by denomination
Value of U.S. dollar banknotes in circulation 2000-2022, by denomination
Value of currency in circulation in the United States from 2000 to 2022, by denomination (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Volume of U.S. dollar banknotes in circulation 2002-2022, by denomination
Volume of U.S. dollar banknotes in circulation 2002-2022, by denomination
Volume of currency in circulation in the United States from 2002 to 2022, by denomination (in billions)
Premium Statistic Value of reserve balances with Federal Reserve Banks in the U.S. 2002-2022
Value of reserve balances with Federal Reserve Banks in the U.S. 2002-2022
Value of reserve balances held at Federal Reserve Banks in the United States from 2002 to 2022 (in billion U.S. dollars)

Bank breakdown

Premium Statistic Total assets of the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Total assets of the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Total assets of the Federal Reserve in 2022, by bank (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic U.S. Treasury securities held by the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
U.S. Treasury securities held by the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Value of U.S. Treasury securities held by Federal Reserve Banks in 2022, by bank (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Mortgage-backed securities held by the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Mortgage-backed securities held by the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Value of mortgage-backed securities held by Federal Reserve Banks in 2022, by bank (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Interest income of the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Interest income of the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Net interest income of the Federal Reserve in 2022, by bank (in billion U.S. dollars)
Premium Statistic Interest expense of the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Interest expense of the Federal Reserve 2022, by bank
Total interest expense of the Federal Reserve in 2022, by bank (in billion U.S. dollars)

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Key figures

The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Federal Reserve System" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics.

Net income of the Fed
58.84bn USD
Detailed statistics
Net income of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Net interest income of the Fed
170.13bn USD
Detailed statistics
Interest income of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022
Interest expense of the Fed
102.38bn USD
Detailed statistics
Interest expense of the Federal Reserve 2013-2022

IORB Rate December 31, 2022
4.4%
Detailed statistics
Key policy rates in the U.S. 2022
Fed Funds effective rate December 31, 2022
4.1%
Detailed statistics
Annual Fed funds effective rate in the U.S. 1990-2023
Prime loan rate of banks in the U.S.
8.5%
Detailed statistics
Annual prime loan rate of banks in the U.S. 1990-2023

Value of M1 money stock in the U.S.
19.82tn USD
Detailed statistics
Value of M1 money supply in the U.S. 2000-2023
Value of M2 money stock in the U.S.
21.36tn USD
Detailed statistics
Value of M2 money supply in the U.S. 2000-2022
Value of reserve balances held at the Fed
3.1tn USD
Detailed statistics
Value of reserve balances with Federal Reserve Banks in the U.S. 2002-2022